Parts of a flower | study science

Parts of a flower

A complete flower consists of 2 different parts i.e. vegetative and reproductive part.

The vegetative part consist of calyx (sepals) and corolla (Petal) and reproductive part include stamen (androecium) and pistil (gynoecium).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. Calyx ( Sepals)

The calyx is  outermost whorl of flower also known as sepals. Sepals are green, leaf like structure. They protect the flower in the bud stage.

 

*Calyx may be gamosepalous or polysepalous.

  (a) Gamosepalous - If sepals are joint or fused together, the calyx is said to be gamosepalous.

        e.g. Hibiscus

  (b) Polysepalous - If sepals are free and not joined together, the calyx is said to be polysepalous.

        e.g. Rose, Mustard

 

 

2. Corolla (Petal)

Petal are usually colourful part which attract insects for pollination. Some flower have fused petal -  sepals  while few have separated petal - sepal. 

*Corolla maybe gamopetalous and polypetalous.

(a) Gamopetalous - Flowers have fused or united petals

      e.g. Bindweed

(b) Polypetalous -   Flowers having free patels

      e.g. Rose

*Corolla may be tubular bell-shaped funnel or wheel shape.

 

3. Stamen (androecium)

Stamen is male reproductive organ and also known as androecium.
It consists of two parts anther and filament (stalk).

 

 

 

1. Anther - It is a yellowish sac like bilobed structure. It produce and store pollens. Pollen grain are                        produce in pollen sac. Anther is bilobed and each lobe hai 2 chambers (pollen sac)

2. Filament - Filament is a slender, thread like object. Filament support the anther.

*Staminode - a sterile stamen (non-fertile) is called staminode

*Stamen may be epipetalous or epiphyllous

(a) Epipetalous - when stamen is attached to petals it is called epipetalous.

                              e.g. Brinjal

 

(b) Epiphyllous -when stamen is attached to perianth it is called epiphyllous. 

                             e.g. Lily

*Perianth - when calyx and corolla is not distinguish it is called perianth

 

4. Pistil (gynoecium)

Gynoecium is a female reproductive part and made up of one or more carpels.

* A carpel consists of three parts, stigma, style, ovary.

 

 

 

 

1. Stigma - It is tip of style and receptive for pollen grain.

2. Style -     It is long tube like stalk. Style connect overy to the stigma.

3. Ovary - It is ductless reproductive gland that hold a lot of ovule. Overy is enlarged basal part.                         Each ovary bear one or more ovules attached to flattened cushion - like placenta.

*After fertilization ovules develop into seeds and ovary mature to fruit.

Function of flower 

1. Flowers are a source of food for other living organism.
2. Flower are rich source of necter.
3. Flower produce the reproductive cell of the plant and then produce seeds.
4. It attracts insects and other animals in prior to pollination.